New insights on structure and tectonics over the Laxmi Ridge using EIGEN6C4 modelled gravity data

1999-2005A comparative analysis has been attempted for the study of structural and tectonic trends over and around (140–190 N latitudes and 640–700 E longitudes) the Laxmi ridge. Initially, three different edge enhancement techniques comprising total horizontal derivative (THD), analytical signal (AS) and Theta map have been tested over synthetic prismatic models with varying depths. It is observed that Theta map technique is relatively suitable for delineation of the edges for the sources at different depths. The free-air gravity (FAG) of the Laxmi ridge and surroundings have been generated using EIGEN6C4 high resolution combined earth gravity modelled data. Upward continued gravity anomaly at 20 Km, 40 km, 60 km, 90 km and 150 km heights have been estimated and these are further enhanced using Theta map technique. The enhanced upward continued maps at different height reveal that the sources of the Laxmi ridge low anomaly is constituted by crust, low density upper mantle materials and recent sediments. Present study reveals that the EIGEN6C4 modelled data could be used effectively to identify various structural features of different wavelength. The study reveals that the major lineaments trends are found along N-S, NE-SW and NW-SE directions followed by E-W, ENE-WSW and NNW-SSE directions including different regional and shallow lineaments trends. The delineated lineaments and their orientations are the results of multiple phases of rifting and breakup of India, Madagascar and Seychelles, since its initial stage

Acute metheamoglobinemia due to nitrobenzene poisoning: Case series

Nitrobenzene is a nitrite compound; its toxic effects are due to its ability to convert hemoglobin to\ud methaemoglobin by oxidizing iron. The clinical features of nitrobenzene poisoning vary based on the\ud concentration of methaemoglobin in blood. Immediate identification based on clinical features, odour of the\ud compound with supporting evidence of increased methaemoglobin levels will help in a timely intervention thus\ud preventing fatal outcome. Early haemodynamic and ventilator support along with administration of methylene\ud blue as an antidote has been proved crucial in saving some lives. An acute nitrobenzene poisoning presenting with\ud methaemoglobinemia is becoming quite common in this part of the country. Here authorsreport a series of cases\ud of nitrobenzene poisoning where immediate clinical evaluation, with repeated intravenous methylene blue saved\ud three patients, but two patients presenting late and with heavy exposure could not be save

Evaluation of the growth and yield characteristics of various genotypes of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Eighteen genotypes of soybean were evaluated in coordinated varietal trial in 2018 and eight genotypes in pre-released varietal trial in 2019 at National Plant Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the maximum yield was obtained from CN-60 (2858 kg/ha) followed by CM-9133 (2791 kg/ha) in 2018 and CM-9125 (2708 kg/ha) followed by G-1872 (2666 kg/ha) in 2019. Similarly, combined analysis of pre-released varietal trial showed that grain yield was maximum for the LS-22-16-16 (2737.5 kg/ha) followed by G-4508 (2718.5 kg/ha) in 2018 and 2019. Thus, LS-22-16-16 and G-4508 seeds can be delivered to farmers as a farmers acceptance test for the release of soybean variety, while CN-60 and CM-9133 can be promoted to pre-released varietal trial

Multivariate analysis of soybean genotypes

The experiments were conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications at the research field of Agriculture Botany Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate sixteen soybean genotypes using multivariate analysis. The results showed the significant (p <0.05) differences among genotypes for plant height, days to maturity plant and hundred  seeds weight and grain yield. Cluster analysis based on these traits, sixteen soybean genotypes were divided the genotypes into four clusters. The soybean genotypes grouped into cluster 1  showed the  highest value for days to maturity. The genotypes belonged to cluster 2 had the highest values for grain yield and plant height. The principle components analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 having eigen values the highest than unity explained 76.6% of total variability among soybean genotypes attributable to plant height, days to maturity, number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight and grain yield. The genotypes showing wide diversity in cluster and principle component analysis can be used as parents in hybridization programs to maximize the use of genetic diversity and expression of heterosis and develop high yielding soybean varieties

Evaluation of rice genotypes for growth, yield and yield components

Twelve rice genotypes were evaluated under irrigated lowland and upland rainfed conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal in 2019. Data on plant height, panicle length, effective tillers per plant, fertile grain number per panicle and grain yield were taken. The variation was observed for plant height, panicle length, effective tillers per plant, fertile grain number per panicle among the evaluated rice genotypes. The rice genotype NR 11375-B-B-21 produced the highest grain yield (3974.75 kg/ha) followed by NR 11374-B-B-23 (3615.26 kg/ha) and NR 11145-B-B-B-6 (3597.56 kg/ha) under irrigated low land condition. Similarly, the rice genotypes, NR 11375-B-B-21 produced the highest grain yield (3837.15 kg/ha) followed by NR 11321-B-B-7-3 (3588.71 kg/ha) and NR 11305-B-B-1-3 (3292.36 kg/ha) under upland rainfed condition. The combined analysis showed that rice genotype NR 11375-B-B-21 produced the highest grain yield (3905.95 kg/ha) followed by NR 11374-B-B-23 (3494.63 kg/ha), and NR 11321-B-B-7-3 (3409.89 kg/ha) respectively. Thus, after evaluation of yield, two genotypes namely NR 11375-B-B-21, NR 11374-B-B-23, were selected as outstanding genotypes, which can be used as potential breeding materials for upland and low land environments of mid hills of Nepal

Differential Fault Analysis Automation

Characterization of all possible faults in a cryptosystem exploitable for fault attacks is a problem which is of both theoretical and practical interest for the cryptographic community. The complete knowledge of exploitable fault space is desirable while designing optimal countermeasures for any given crypto-implementation. In this paper, we address the exploitable fault characterization problem in the context of Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) attacks on block ciphers. The formidable size of the fault spaces demands an automated albeit fast mechanism for verifying each individual fault instance and neither the traditional, cipher-specific, manual DFA techniques nor the generic and au- tomated Algebraic Fault Attacks (AFA) [10] fulfill these criteria. Further, the diversified structures of different block ciphers suggest that such an automation should be equally applicable to any block cipher. This work presents an automated framework for DFA identification, fulfilling all aforemen- tioned criteria, which, instead of performing the attack just estimates the attack complexity for each individual fault instance. A generic and extendable data-mining assisted dynamic analysis frame- work capable of capturing a large class of DFA distinguishers is devised, along with a graph-based complexity analysis scheme. The framework significantly outperforms another recently proposed one [6], in terms of attack class coverage and automation effort. Experimental evaluation on AES and PRESENT establishes the effectiveness of the proposed framework in detecting most of the known DFAs, which eventually enables the characterization of the exploitable fault space

Knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of Patan Hospital, Nepal

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the most effective infection prevention measure. This research aims to find out the knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of major departments of Patan Hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors of selected departments of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The knowledge of hand hygiene was assessed using a WHO knowledge questionnaire. The practice was assessed using a WHO observation checklist. The data was recorded in Epi-info and the analysis was done for knowledge score and compliance with practice using SPSS v15. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 104 (98%) of the participants completed each part (knowledge and practice) of the study. The overall mean score (± SD) was 64% ± 8 on knowledge questions about hand hygiene. Knowledge of hand hygiene was not significantly different among departments (p=0.351) and gender (p=0.994). Out of 1022 opportunities, the compliance of hand hygiene among the doctors was 532(52%). The highest compliance for hand hygiene was after exposure to body fluids 93%. The mean time taken for hand rub was 8 seconds and the mean steps performed were 4 out of 8. Compliance with hand hygiene was statistically significant among departments (p= 0.001). However, it was not statistically significant among gender(p=0.198). Conclusion: Participants performed relatively well with a moderate score (64%) on knowledge questions but it was not reflected in practice (overall compliance 52%). The majority performed hand hygiene after body fluid exposure (93%) and after touching patients (64%)

Instabilities near ultrastrong coupling in microwave optomechanical cavity

With artificially engineered systems, it is now possible to realize the coherent interaction rate, which can become comparable to the mode frequencies, a regime known as ultrastrong coupling (USC). We experimentally realize a cavity-electromechanical device using a superconducting waveguide cavity and a mechanical resonator. In the presence of a strong pump, the mechanical-polaritons splitting can nearly reach 81% of the mechanical frequency, overwhelming all the dissipation rates. Approaching the USC limit, the steady-state response becomes unstable. We systematically measure the boundary of the unstable response while varying the pump parameters. The unstable dynamics display rich phases, such as self-induced oscillations, period-doubling bifurcation, period-tripling oscillations, and ultimately leading to the chaotic behavior. The experimental results and their theoretical modeling suggest the importance of residual nonlinear interaction terms in the weak-dissipative regime.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, and supplemental materia

Irreversible Hemichorea–Hemiballism in a Case of Nonketotic Hyperglycemia Presenting as the Initial Manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Hemichorea–hemiballism (HCHB) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with features of both chorea and ballism occurring on the same side. Case report: We present a case of HCHB due to nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) that was the initial presentation of diabetes and was irreversible clinically even after 6 months of optimal blood sugar control. Discussion: Although HCHB due to hyperglycemia is a potentially reversible condition in the majority of patients, prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia may cause ischemic insult and persistent symptoms. Hyperglycemia should always be kept in the list of differentials while dealing with patients who are newly diagnosed with HCHB

Grain Yield Stability of Rice Genotypes

Stability analysis identifies the adaptation of a crop genotype in different environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate promising rice genotypes for yield stability at different mid-hill environments of Nepal. The multilocation trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at three locations viz Lumle, Kaski; Pakhribas, Dhankuta; and Kabre, Dolakha. Seven rice genotypes namely NR11115-B-B-31-3, NR11139-B-B-B-13-3, NR10676-B-5-3, NR11011-B-B-B-B-29, NR11105-B-B-27, 08FAN10, and Khumal-4 were evaluated in each location. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The rice genotype NR10676-B-5-3 produced the highest grain yield (6.72 t/ha) among all genotypes. The growing environmental factors (climate and soil conditions) affect the grain yield performance of rice genotypes. The variation in climatic factors greatly contributed to the variation in grain yield. Polygon view of genotypic main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot showed that the genotypes NR10676-B-53 and NR11105-B-B-27 were suitable for Lumle; NR11115-B-B-31-3 and NR11139-B-B-B-13-3 for Pakhribas; and 08FAN10 and NR11011-B-B-B-B-29 for Kabre. The GGE biplot showed that genotype NR10676-B-5-3 was stable hence it was near to the point of ideal genotype. This study suggests that NR10676-B-5-3 can be grown for higher grain yield production in mid-hills of Nepal